新的高分辨率太阳图片揭示了其可怕的结构
翻译：涂博士
欧洲最大的太阳望远镜刚刚发布了前所未有的太阳特写图像，这些图像看上去有些恐怖。科学家说，GREGOR是在西班牙泰德天文台由一组德国科学家团队操作的望远镜，它拍到了太阳复杂结构的高分辨率新图像，这也是欧洲望远镜有史以来拍摄的最好的图像。
Credit: KIS
研究人员将图像能够拍到从未见过的太阳细节归功于莱布尼兹太阳物理研究所（KIS）的科学家和工程师对望远镜进行的重大重新设计。新的光学器件使科学家能够比以往更详细地研究磁场，对流，湍流，太阳喷发和黑子。
科学家说，有了GREGOR，他们可以研究太阳表面上小到30英里长的细节。这30英里只是直径高达865,000英里的太阳表面的非常非常小的一小部分。研究人员说：“这就像从一公里的距离外完全清晰地看到足球场里面的一根针。”
Credit: KIS
太阳上面容易出现很多种现象，比如说黑子、太阳风暴、耀斑等。这其中许多现象都是由其强磁场驱动产生的，而人们对磁场本身了解并不多，因此太阳表面的近距离图像对于揭示其复杂性至关重要。
研究人员说，这些照片显示了太阳黑子演化进程和太阳等离子体中复杂结构的“惊人”细节。由于磁场通量导致太阳部分表面温度降低，这片暂时较暗的区域就是黑子。
Credit: KIS
该项目的负责人Lucia Kleint博士在新闻发布会中说：“这是一个非常令人兴奋但又极具挑战性的项目。在短短的一年时间内，我们彻底重新设计了光学，机械和电子设备，以实现最佳的图像质量。”
该团队的研究一开始由于冠状病毒的封闭而暂停下来，但是研究人员表示，他们都迫不及待地等待西班牙7月重新开放后回到实验室继续工作。
通过了解太阳的磁活动，科学家将能够更好地建议如何保护我们的技术（例如卫星）和我们的星球免受太阳活动的影响。
KIS主任Svetlana Berdyugina博士说：“这个项目的风险很大，因为这种望远镜的升级通常需要数年时间，但是由于出色的团队合作和精心的计划，我们的项目成功了。现在，我们有了一个解决太阳难题的强大工具。”
在开始阅读英文原文之前，请先复习下列核心词汇：
high-res - 高分辨率
image - n. 图像
reveal - v. 揭示
solar - adj. 太阳的
telescope - n. 望远镜
operate - v. 操作
high-resolution - 高分辨率
intricate - adj. 复杂的
structure - n. 结构
obtain - v. 获得
capture - v. 抓到
physics - n. 物理学
optics - n. 光学
magnetic - adj. 磁的
magnetic field - 磁场
convection - n. 对流
turbulence - n. 涡流，动荡
eruption - n. 爆发
spot - n. 点
sunspot - n. 太阳黑子
crucial - adj. 关键的
reveal - n. 揭示
intricacy - n. 复杂
plasma - n. 等离子体
dark - adj. 黑的
due to - 由于
reduce - v. 减少
resolution - n. 分辨率
news release - 新闻发布会
wavelength - n. 波长
nm - nanometer, 纳米
lab - n. 实验室
meticulous - adj. 一丝不苟的
在复习了以上词汇后，请将下面的英文原文一口气读完，不要在中途停下来去查那些不认识的单词。有了上面的核心单词打底，你完全可以将整篇文章读完并且理解里面的大致意思。记住，你只要做到大致明白就可以了。
阅读能力和阅读量成正比，要提高阅读量，必须是大量的泛读，如果要对每个不懂的单词都去查字典，那么就不可能通过大量的泛读来提高你的阅读量。
这篇英语原文是《涂博士雅思辅导课》直播班上用来训练学员快速阅读的文章之一。能够快速阅读各个领域的原版文章并找出文中的核心内容，是真正学好英语的最最基础的技能之一，另一个最最基础的技能就是听得懂原版的广播。有了这两个最最基础的技能打底，学员就可以利用好网上大量的原版英语文章和听力资源，不出国就可以把自己沉浸在英语的环境当中。在建立起强大的语感之后，口语和写作能力都会自然成长起来。
如果你对某篇泛读文章特别喜欢，可以在泛读一遍以后再慢慢地精读。如果在精读的过程中对某些句子不是太明白需要讲解，或者你希望以后多看到哪方面的双语阅读，请直接联系涂博士。
New high-res images of the sun reveal its terrifying structure
Sophie Lewis, CBS News
The largest solar telescope in Europe has released unprecedented close-up images of the sun — and they are a little bit terrifying. GREGOR, a telescope operated by a team of German scientists at the Teide Observatory in Spain, has obtained new high-resolution images of the intricate structure of the sun — the best ever captured by a European telescope, scientists said.
Researchers attributed the never-before-seen detail of the images to a major redesign of the telescope by scientists and engineers at the Leibniz Institute for Solar Physics (KIS). The new optics allow scientists to study magnetic fields, convection, turbulence, solar eruptions and sunspots in greater detail than ever before.
Scientists said that, using GREGOR, they can study details as small as 30 miles across on the sun's surface — a tiny fraction of its 865,000-mile diameter. "This is as if one saw a needle on a soccer field perfectly sharp from a distance of one kilometer," researchers said.
The sun is prone to a number of phenomena, from sunspots to solar storms and flares — many of which are driven by its intense magnetic field. Not much is understood about the magnetic field itself, so up-close images of the sun's surface are crucial to revealing its intricacies.
The photos show "astonishing" details of sunspot evolution and complex structures in solar plasma, researchers said. Sunspots are temporarily darker areas due to reduced surface temperature, caused by magnetic field flux.
"This was a very exciting, but also extremely challenging project. In only one year we completely redesigned the optics, mechanics, and electronics to achieve the best possible image quality," Dr. Lucia Kleint, who led the project, said in a news release.
Europe's largest solar telescope GREGOR reveals intricate structures of solar magnetic fields in very high resolution. The image was taken at the wavelength of 516 nm. / Credit: KIS
The team's research was initially halted due to coronavirus lockdowns, but researchers said they were eager to get back to the lab when Spain reopened in July.
By learning about the sun's magnetic activity, scientists will be able to better advise on how to protect technology, such as satellites, and our planet from solar activity.
"The project was rather risky because such telescope upgrades usually take years, but the great team work and meticulous planning have led to this success," said Dr. Svetlana Berdyugina, director of KIS. "Now we have a powerful instrument to solve puzzles on the Sun."
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