这是一篇来自china Daily的文章，标题是Top court comes to defense of self-defense。
1.come to 谈到
People are allowed to fight back as justifiable self-defense when they find their personal freedoms violated or their residence illegally invaded, a guideline said on Thursday.
周四，一份指导方针称，当人们发现自己的个人自由受到侵犯或住宅被非法侵犯时，他们被允许作为正当防卫反击。
1.fight back v.回击；抵抗
He ducked the first few blows then started to fight back.
他躲开最先几拳后便开始反击。
2. fight back against 与某人/某事对抗
It is time to fight back against street crime.
现在是打击街头犯罪行为的时候了
3.fight back tears强忍眼泪
I stood there with a lump in my throat and tried to fight back tears.
我站在那儿，喉咙哽咽，拼命忍住眼泪。
4.justifiable self-defense正当防卫
The guideline, which was jointly issued by the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the Ministry of Public Security, aims to protect rights of good Samaritans and uphold justice by specifying the situations in which people's behaviors should be identified as justifiable self-defense.
该指南由最高人民法院、最高人民检察院和公安部联合发布，旨在保护善人的权利，维护正义，具体规定人们的行为应被认定为正当防卫的情况。
1. jointly adv. 共同地；连带地
jointly issued 联合发布
最近我们经常看到“联名T恤”、“联名月饼”等产品，这个联名用英语说就是jointly signed。
The reporter learned that at present many companies, on the subject of love, launched thespouse-jointly signed insurance product.
记者了解到，目前已有多家公司以“爱情”为主题，推出了夫妻联名共保的保险产品。
2.procuratorate /'prɒkjʊə,reɪtərɪt/ n. 检察院
3.aim to 目标在于…=in an attempt to 试图; 以求=in a bid to为了
.These exercises aim to counteract（抵消；阻碍） the effects of stress and tension.
这些训练旨在抵消压力与紧张的影响
They spread tales about her in an attempt to devalue her work.
他们散布一些有关她的流言，企图贬低她的工作。
Israel says it will ease some restrictions on Palestinians in the WestBank in a bid to move peace talks forward.
以色列表示，它将放宽对约旦河西岸的巴勒斯坦人的某些限制，以期推动和平谈判
3.Samaritan /səˈmærɪtən/ n. 乐善好施者
A good Samaritan offered us a room in his house.
一位好心人给我们提供了他住宅里的一个房间。
4.uphold justice维护正义
Some people think that it is too risky to be a hero, while others think that we must continue to uphold justice.
有些人认为当英雄风险太高，然而其他人认为我们必须伸张正义。
5.specify v. /ˈspesɪfaɪ/
1)to state sth, especially by giving an exact measurement, time, exact instructions, etc. 具体说明；明确规定；详述；详列
Remember to specify your size when ordering clothes. 订购服装时记着要详细说明你要的号码。
People can also defend themselves by beating back both attackers and those who organize or instigate the attack in accordance with the guideline.
人们也可以通过击退攻击者和根据准则组织或煽动攻击的人来保护自己。
1.beat back vt. 击退，打退；驶回
This was the moment when we finally beat back the politics of fear, and doubt, andcynicism; the politics where we tear each other down instead of lifting this country up.
这一刻是我们终于击退恐惧、疑虑和犬儒主义政治的一刻，是我们用国家携手向上替代政客相互践踏的政治的一刻。
2.instigate /ˈɪnstɪɡeɪt/
1) to cause sth bad to happen 煽动；唆使；鼓动
They were accused of instigating racial violence. 他们被控煽动种族暴力。
2) to make sth start or happen, usually sth official 使（正式）开始；使发生
The government has instigated a programme of economic reform. 政府已实施了经济改革方案。
"Previously, some judicial authorities blurred the line between right and wrong, supporting the side only because it suffered injuries or deaths. But in fact, it was the side initiating attacks or it first harm others' legitimate rights," said Jiang Qibo, director of the SPC's research office.
SPC研究室主任姜启波表示：“以前，一些司法当局模糊了对错界限，只是因为一方受伤或死亡。但实际上，这是发动攻击的一方，或者是首先损害他人合法权益的一方。”
1. judicial authority司法当局
2.blur V./blɜː(r)/
1)if the shape or outline of sth blurs , or if sth blurs it, it becomes less clear and sharp （使）变得模糊不清
The mist blurred the edges of the buildings. 建筑群在薄雾中若隐若现
2)if sth blurs your eyes or vision , or your eyes or vision blur , you cannot see things clearly（使）视线模糊；（使）看不清
Tears blurred her eyes. 泪水模糊了她的视线。
3)to become or make sth become difficult to distinguish clearly （使）难以区分
The differences between art and life seem to have blurred. 艺术和生活之间的差别似乎已变得模糊不清
Meanwhile, the justifiable self-defense was rarely identified in practice, as the judicial departments were too cautious in the application and the criteria were too strict, according to him.
同时，在实践中，正当防卫也很少被认定，因为司法机关在申请上过于谨慎，而且标准过于严格
1.criteria n.（批评、判断等的）标准
Times have changed and so has the criteria for resume length.
时代变了,履历长度的标准也变了.
He added the new legal document will contribute to preventing such problems and it also signals to the public that judicial authorities were determined to stand with justice.
他补充说，新的法律文件将有助于防止此类问题，并向公众表明，司法当局决心伸张正义。
1. contribute to 有助于
这里to是介词，所以加doing。
Contact between different cultures would contribute to more cooperation and greaterprosperity of the two sides.
两种文化之间的交流接触会带来更多的合作和双边进一步的繁荣。
2.signal to sb.向某人示意要做......
Issues about self-defense have often been heatedly discussed among public and legal professionals in recent years, especially after a few cases happened.
近几年来，尤其是在几起案件发生后，有关正当防卫的问题经常在公众和法律专业人士之间展开热烈的讨论。
这一段经常可以在四六级写作中用到。以及下面这一句，这是前几天关于月经贫困文章里的。
The hashtag of "loose-packed sanitary pads" has come up as one of the trending topics on Chinese social media this week, sparking a heated discussion, with more than 1.2 billion views on Weibo.
本周，“散装卫生巾”的标签成为中国社交媒体上的热门话题之一，引发了一场热烈的讨论，微博浏览量超过12亿。
In June 2017, for example, Shandong High People's Court reduced the life sentence given to Yu Huan, who was convicted of intentional injury, to five years for stabbing five debt collectors with a knife, which caused four injuries and one death, was identified as self-defense, but excessive.
例如，2017年6月，山东高等人民法院将因用刀刺伤五名收债人，导致四人受伤，一人死亡而被判犯有故意伤害罪的于欢(Yu Huan)的无期徒刑被认定为正当防卫，但防卫过当。
1.reduce除了我们熟悉的减少，降低之意，还有使处于的意思。所以reduced the life sentence就是被判处无期徒刑。
2.be convicted of 宣判(某人)犯有(某罪)
The jury in the first trial did not convict them of the airlines conspiracy（阴谋）.
陪审团在首次庭审中没有宣判他们犯有阴谋毁机罪
In 2018, Yu Haiming, an electric bike rider in Kunshan, Jiangsu province, fought back against attacker Liu Hailong and stabbed him to death during a traffic dispute. After a thorough investigation, police and prosecutors determined the fatal stabbing of Yu was justifiable self-defense, adding he should be exempt from criminal liability.
2018年，江苏省昆山市电动自行车骑手于海明与袭击者刘海龙进行了反击，并在一场交通纠纷中将他刺死。经过彻底调查后，警方和检察官认定余某的致命刺伤是正当的正当防卫，并补充说，他应该免除刑事责任。
1.thorough /ˈθʌrə/ adj. 彻底的；十分的；周密的
这个词很容易与though /ðoʊ/ conj. 虽然，尽管；through /θruː/ prep. 穿过混淆。
2.exempt from /ɪɡˈzempt/ 豁免，免除
So we have the current argument over how much of the derivative market will be exempt from regulation.
所以我们就看到了当前有关衍生产品市场到底有多大份额可以得到规则的豁免的辩论。
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