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最强英语音标发音,拼读教程

1. 音节

以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节([m] [n] [ŋ ] [l]例外)。从单词拼写形式上看,有几个元音字母就有几个音节。

2. 音节的划分

① 在重读音节和非重读音节的相邻处有两个辅音字母时,一个辅音字母组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。

例如:let-ter,mem-ber,chil-dren,daugh-ter

② 在重读和非重读音节的相邻处只有一个辅音字母时,如果前面重读音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果重读音节里的元音是短音,则辅音字母属于重读音节。

例如:长音 pa-per,stu-dent,fa-ther,ze-ro,mo-tor,far-ther

   短音 sev-en,stud-y,moth-er,ver-y,mod-le ,weath-er

3. 重读音节

单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。

4. 开音节

① 绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重读音节。

例如:no,blue,ba-by,stu-dent,se-cret

② 相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。

例如:name,these,bike,home,excuse

5. 闭音节

单个元音字母后面有辅音字母(r、w、y 除外)且以辅音字母结尾的重读音节。

例如:bag,egg,fish,not,cup

6. 双音节词重读规则

① 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。

例如: stu-dent,Chi-na,sec-ond,au-tumn

② 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。

例如:a-bout,be-fore,ex-cuse,re-pair,for-get-ful,in-ven-tor

7. 多音节词重读规则

多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。

例如: el-e-phant

词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。

例如:scien-tific,im-pression,na-tion

1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音

元音字母 读 音 例 词

a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake

在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back

e 在开音节中 [i:] he hese me Chinese

在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg

i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite

在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim

o 在开音节中 [əu] those close go hoe home no

在闭音节中 [ɔ] clock not box shop sock

u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday

在闭音节中 [ʌ ] bus cup jump much lunch

在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super

2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

元音字母 读 音 例 词

a [ə] China another woman breakfast

[i] orange comrade village cabbage

e [ə] hundred student open weekend

[i] chicken pocket begin children

i [i] holiday beautiful family animal

[ai] exercise satellite

o [ə] second tonight somebody welcome

[əu] also zero photo

u [ə] autumn diffcult

[ju:] popular congratulation January

动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate

u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue

在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 既可以读作[ə]音可以读作[i]音。

3、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

元音字母 读 音 例 词

a在[w]音后面 [ɔ] want what watch wash quality

a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast

i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high

o在-st -ld前 [əu] most postcard old cold

o在m n v th前 [ʌ] come monkey love mother

4、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组 读 音 例 词

ar [α:] car farm dark sharpener

ar在[w]音后面 [ɔ:] warm quarter towards

or [ɔ:] forty morning short

or在[w]音后面 [ə:] word worker worse

er ir ur [ə:] certainly bird Thursday

辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如:carry sorry hurry

-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[ə]音,例如:dollar teacher forget Saturday

5、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组 读 音 例 词

are [εə] care dare hare

ere [iə] here mere

ire [aiə] fire hire wire

ore [ɔ:] more score before

ure [juə] pure cure

  are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[tʃə]音或[ʒə],例如:picture pleasure

  重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音。

例如:parent zero story during inspiring

某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。

例如:orange very American paragraph


6、元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组 读 音 例 词

ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play

air [εə] air hair chair pair pair

al [ɔ:l] small ball talk wall all

al在f m前 [α:] half calm

au/aw [ɔ:] autumn daughter draw

ea [i:] teach easy cheap please

[e] heavy bread sweater weather

[ei] break great

ear [iə] hear dear near clear year

[εə] bear pear wear swear

[ə:] earth learn early

ee [i:] jeep week green three

eer [iə] pioneer deer beer

ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour t hey

[i:] either key

eu/ew在 [ju:] new few newspaper

j l r s后 [u:] flew brew jewelry

ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive

oa [əu] coat Joan boat goal

oar/oor [ɔ:] roar board door floor

oi/oy [ɔi] noise point boy toilet

oo [u:] broom food tooth school

[u] book ook cook foot good

ou/ow [au] flower house count down

[əu] know row throw though

[ʌ] young country enough

[u:] group you soup

7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词

ai/ay ei/ey [i] Sunday foreign monkey

ow [əu] yellow sparrow tomorrow

sion -tion [ʃən] impression nation

-sion在元音字母后 [ʒən] vision decision occasion

-tion在s后 [tʃən] question suggestion

-sten [sn] listen

-stle [sl] whistle

-sure [ʒə] pleasure measure

-ture [tʃə] picture culture

8、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。

例如:

everyday[ei]

handbag[æ]

blackboard[ɔ:]

有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。

例如:

sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天

holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日

break中断 + fast[a:]斋戒 > breakfast[ə]早餐

cup茶杯 + board木板[ɔ:] > cupboard[ɔ:] 碗柜

9、辅字组的读音

辅字组 读 音 例 词

b [b] bike bus bag

[/] bomb tomb

c [k] cake picture coat music

c在e前或在i/y前 [s] face decide cinema

ch [tʃ] much chick rich teacher

[k] school eadache chemistry

[ʃ] machine Chicago

-ck [k] cock pocket black knock

d [d] doctor bread hand day

-dge [dʒ] bridge fridge

dr- [dr] children driver drink

f [f] five four breakfast

g [g] bag gardon go

g在e i/y前 [dʒ] orange large German

gh [f] cough enough photo

[/] light daughter high

gu- -gue [g] guess league dialogue

gu在非重读音节中 [gw] guess league dialogue

h [h] hot head house hand

[/] hour honest

j [dʒ] jeep jar joke join July

k [k] kind bike skate make week

kn- [n] knife know knock

l [l] life milk school tall

m [m] monkey come autumn

-mn [m] autumn column solemn

n [n] not shine ten note

n在[k] [g]音前 [ŋ] uncle thank hungry

-ng [n] morning young wrong

p [p] paper plane pig ship pen

ph [f] elephant photo telephone

q [k] Iraq

qu- [kw] quality quite

r [r] red rubber ruler

s在词首或清辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk

元音字母间或浊辅音前 [z] music husband

sc- [sk] scar

[s] muscle science

sh [ʃ] she fish shirt wash

t在通常情况下 [t] ten letter meet


在弱读字母ia ie io前 [ʃ] patient nation

tch [tʃ] watch

th在通常情况下 [θ] thin thirty method

在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 [ð] the these with than

在词尾-the -ther中 [ð] clothe father weather

tr- [tr] tree train country truck

v [v] very voice love leave

w [w] week win wake sweet wait

[/] answer two

wh- [w] what when white why

wh-在字母o前 [h] who whose whole

x [ks] box text exercise

在重读元音前 [gz] examle exist exact

wr- [r] write

y- [j] yes yard yellow young

z [z] puzzle zero zoo

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