《外商投资法》于2020年1月1日生效，这是中国自2001年加入世界贸易组织以来在对外开放领域最重要的法律。
The new Foreign Investment Law – effective as of January 1, 2020 – represents the most important legislative step in China's ongoing process of opening up since joining the World Trade Organization in 2001.
新法进一步扩大了对外商投资的市场准入，着力营造内外资企业公平竞争的市场环境，明确禁止强制技术转让，并有效转变了改革开放初期以来分散的投资格局。
The new law significantly increases market access for foreign investors and lays great emphasis on establishing a "level playing field" with domestic businesses. It expressly prohibits forced technology transfers and effectively replaces a fragmented investment landscape created during the early years of the country's reform and opening up.
△ (Photo / CGTN)
新法出台前，外商投资须遵循“外资三法”，即《中外合资经营企业法》《外资企业法》和《中外合作经营企业法》。如今，所有外国投资者和外资企业统一受《外商投资法》制约。
Previously, foreign investment was regulated by three laws: Law of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures, Law of China on Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprises and the Law of China on Chinese-Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures. Now, the activities of all foreign investors and foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) will be governed entirely by the Foreign Investment Law (FIL).
《外商投资法》的好处在于，保证外资企业与内资企业享有同等待遇，通过缩减负面清单扩大市场开放。新法还进一步强化知识产权保护，明令禁止强制技术转让。
The main benefits of the FIL are that it guarantees foreign companies' equal treatment with their domestic counterparts, and a more open market through the reduction of the Negative List. It also introduces significant legal protections for Intellectual Property (IP) and strictly prohibits forced technology transfer.
《外商投资法》正式落地前已酝酿多年，有评论认为，新法的仓促出台可能是迫于外部压力。
Though the FIL has been many years in the making, some have commented that the legislation was perhaps hurried through due to external pressures.
尽管仅用三个月就通过涵盖范围如此之广的法律的确鲜见，但实际上早在2015年相关部门就已经提出了类似的法案。
Whilst it is true that three months is an unusually quick timeframe for the passage of legislation of such magnitude, a similar bill was in fact introduced as early as 2015.
更准确而直白地说，促使《外商投资法》出台的主要原因仍是中国国内的既定政策，只是不断增长的外部压力加速了新法的落地。
It is more accurate – though albeit less narratively appealing – to view the reasons behind the FIL primarily as a continuation of China's internal policy agenda but accelerated partly by growing external pressures.
当前经济不确定性大大增加，全球国内生产总值的增速也在放缓，在这样的背景下，《外商投资法》或可缓解各方担忧，鼓励来华投资，重建国际商界的信心。
It is hoped that in the current climate of economic uncertainty and a worrying slowdown witnessed in global GDP growth the FIL will alleviate such concerns, encourage investment into China and also reestablish confidence within the international business community.
为优化营商环境，中国对外资立法进行了不少调整，而《外商投资法》只是其中之一。
The FIL is indeed just one of many on-going legislative changes in order to foster a more encouraging business environment.
作者 / Jamie Leigh Wright
翻译 / 刘晓敏
审校 / 白石
美编 / 高铭
图片 / 网络
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