虚拟语气讲义（3）- 虚拟语气专项练习

虚拟语气专项练习

1. Jack wishes that he _____ business instead of history when he was in university.

A. studied B. had been studying C. study D. had studied

D译文：杰克宁愿在大学学的是商务而不是历史。

本句是wish 后接虚拟语气的用法。在wish 后面所接的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气结构。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

其主要形式有三种：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish +主语+动词过去式；表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish +主语+had+过去分词；表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish +主语+would+动词原形。

2. The millions of calculation involved, had they been done by hand, _____ all practical value by the time they were finished.

A. had lost B. would lose C. would have lost D. should have lost

C译文：数以百万计的相关计算，如果由人工操作的话，到计算完成时早已失去其实用价值。

本句是条件句中与过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构的用法。由省略if 的从句(had they been done by hand)中的时态可知，C为正确答案。

3. It is essential that these application forms _____ back as early as possible.

A. must be sent B. are sent C. will be sent D. be sent

D译文：这些申请表尽快寄出是极其必要的。

本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气用法。在It is important/necessary/… that-clause 结构中，that 从句中谓语动词常用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should)+动词原形。这一结构是否用虚拟语气取决于主句It is important/… that 中的形容词（如本句中的important ）。

4. It is important that the hotel receptionist _____ that guests are registered correctly.

A. has made sure B. must make sure C. made sure D. make sure

. D译文：旅馆接待员必须确保旅客登记正确，这点是很重要的。本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。

5. It was essential that the application forms _____ back before the deadline.

A. must be sent B. be sent C. would高考资源网 be sent D. were sent

B译文：申请表务必在截止日期之前寄回。本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。

6. It's necessary _____ the dictionary immediately.

A. that he will return B. that he return C. that he returned D. that he has to return

B译文：他必须马上归还字典。本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。

7. It is important that enough money _____ to fund the project.

A. be collected B. was collected C. must be collected D. can be collected

A译文：重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。

8. I don't think it advisable that Tom _____ to the job since he has no experience.

A. is assigned B. be assigned C. will be assigned D. has been assigned

B译文：汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不合适的。

本句涉及复合宾语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。在以it 为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should) +动词原形。这一结构中的虚拟用法主要取决于作补语的形容词 advisable。

9. The www.ks5u.comsuggestion that the mayor _____ the prizes was accepted by everyone.

A. would present B. present w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.C. ought to present D. presents

B译文：大家都接受了让市长发奖的建议。

本句涉及同位语从句中的虚拟语气用法。英语中在表示命令、建议、劝告、愿望、要求等词后所接的同位语从句中，从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should) +动词原形。常用的这类词有suggestion, advise, order, recommendation, requirement, command, proposal等名词。

10. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _____.

A. be put off B. should put off C. was put off D. is to put off

A译文：我们都支持你提出的推迟讨论的建议。本句涉及同位语从句中的虚拟语气用法。

11. You _____ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.

A. shouldn't have been following B. mustn't follow C. couldn't have been following D. shouldn't follow

A译文：你本不该跟他跟得这么紧；你本该保持一定距离的。本句涉及----暗含虚拟句。“should/ought not+ have+ 过去分词”表示“本不应该做某事，但却做了”，含有某种责备的口气。“should/ought to+have+过去分词”表示“本应该做某事，却未做”。

例如：You should have returned the book last week. 你本来应该上周就该归还这本书。（但上周并未还）

12. The manager would rather his daughter _____ in the same office.

A. does not work B. had not worked C. not to work D. did not work

D译文：经理宁愿他女儿不和他在同一个办公室上班。本句涉及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法。在would rather,would sooner, would just as soon, might as well 和would prefer 等后面所跟的从句中，也可用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿”、“但愿”。其形式为：

① “would rather ( would sooner … ）＋主语＋谓语动词过去时”表示现在或将来的情况。

② “would rather ( would sooner … ）＋主语＋过去完成时”表示过去的情况。

13. Wouldn't you rather your child _____ to bed early?

A. go B. would go C. went D. goes

C译文：你为何不让你的孩子早点睡觉？本句涉及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法。

14. I'd rather you _____ make any comment on the issue for the time being.

A. don't B. didn't C. wouldn't D. shouldn't

B译文：我倒是希望你对这个问题先别发表什么看法。本句涉及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法。英语中在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well 和would prefer 等后面所跟的从句中，也可用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿”、“但愿”。

15. Mike's uncle insists _____ in this hotel.

A. staying not B. that he would not stay C. not to stay D. that he not stay

D麦克的叔叔坚持他不留在旅馆里。本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。动词insist 后接宾语从句，从句中的谓语为“should+动词原形（should 常省略）”。常这样用的词有：command, desire, demand, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest 等。

16. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures ____ for our defense.

A. had been taken B. be taken C. would be taken D. to be taken

B译文：我作为武装部队的总司令命令采取一切措施进行防御。本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。

17. The manager of the hotel requests that their guests _____ after 11:00 p.m.

A. not to play loud music B. don't play loud music C. shouldn't play loud music D. couldn't paly load music

C译文：旅馆的经理恳请客人晚上11点后，音乐声不要放得太响。本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。

18. We desire that the tour leader ____ us immediately of any change in plans.

A. inform B. informs C. informed D. has informed

A译文：我们要求导游立刻告诉我们计划有什么变动。本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。

19. He suggested _____ to tomorrow's exhibition together.

A. us to go B. we shall go C. we went D. we go

D译文：他建议我们一块去看明天的展览。本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。

20. Sometimes I wish I _____ in a different time and a different place.

A. be living B. would live C. were living D. would have lived

C译文：我有时希望自己生活在另一个时代和另一个地方。本句涉及动词wish后所接宾语从句的用法。在wish 后面所接的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气结构。其主要形式有三种：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish+主语+动词过去式；

表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish+主语+had+过去分词；

表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish+主语+would+动词原形。

21. I wish I _____ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

A. could have slept B. might have slept C. slept D. have slept w

A译文：我真希望今天早上能多睡一会儿，可我不得不起床去上课。本句涉及动词wish后所接宾语从句的用法。

22. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _____ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.

A. has to get B. had got C. were to get D. could have got

C译文：琼不想马上就工作，她想要是找了工作就不能马上探访朋友了。

本句涉及if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与将来事实相反的假设。表示与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，从句中的谓语动词用“were to +动词原形或should +动词原形”，主句中的谓语动词用“should (第一人称), would (第二、三人称)+动词原形”。

23. If the whole operation ____ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.

A. was not planned B. had not been planned C. has not been planned D. were not planned

B译文：要是整个手术当时没有预先计划好的话，大量的金钱和时间就白花了。

本句涉及if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的用法，表示与过去事实相反的假设。与过去事实相反的非真实条件句中，从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，主句的谓语动词用“should 或　would +have+过去分词”。

24. Had he worked harder, he _____ the exams.

A. must have got through B. would get through C. would have got through D. could get through

C译文：他当时学习努力的话，这次考试就通过了。

本句涉及省略if 的虚拟条件句。在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将were, had, should 等助动词(不包括行为动词)提到主语前面，用倒装结构。如果句中没有were, 　had 或should 时，既不能省略if，也不能倒装。

25. _____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.

A. Had they arrived B. Were they arriving C. Would they arrive D. Were they to arrive

D译文：我们后天走，要是他们在这之前到达，我们就可以痛痛快快地撮一顿。本句涉及省略if 的虚拟条件句。

26. _____ right now, she would get there on Sunday.

A. Would she leave B. Were she to leave C. If she leaves D. If she had left

B译文：她要是现在就走的话，星期天就到那儿了。本句涉及if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与将来事实相反的假设。表示与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，从句中的谓语动词用"were to +动词原形或should +动词原形"，主句中的谓语动词用“should （第一人称）, would （第二、三人称）+动词原形”。如从句中省去if ，主谓要用倒装结构。

27. _____ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.

A. Not being B. Without being C. Had it not been D. Not having been

C译文：我当时要是没生病的话，就帮他了。

本句涉及省略if的虚拟条件句。虚拟语气也常用于“If it were (had been) not for … ”句型中，意为“要不是… … ”。If it were not for… 表示与现在事实相反的假设。从本句的主句来判断，这是一句与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，If it had not been for … 表示与过去事实相反的假设，与主句中的谓语动词相一致。在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将were, had, should 等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面，用倒装结构。如果句中没有were, had 或should 时，既不能省略if,也不能倒装。

28. _____ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.

A. Had it not been B. Weren't it C. It were not D. Had not it been

A译文：要不是你偷懒，你现在就已经完成任务了。本句涉及省略if 的虚拟条件句。虚拟语气也常用于“If it were (had been) not for … ”句型中，意为“要不是… … ”。If it had not been for … 表示与过去事实相反的假设，从本句的主句来判断，这是一与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，与主句中的谓语动词相一致。在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将were, had, should 等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面，用倒装结构。如果句中没有were , had 或should 时，既不能省略if ，也不能倒装。

29. If it _____ too much trouble, I'd love a cup of tea.

A. isn't B. weren't C. wasn't D. hadn't been

B 译文：要是不太麻烦的话，就给我来杯茶吧。本句涉及if条件句中的虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的假设。在与现在事实相反的非真实条件句中，主句中的谓语动词用“should （第一人称）＋动词原形，would （第二、三人称）＋动词原形”，但在美国英语中，主句所有人称都用would。主句中也用“could 或might+动词原形”。

30. If I hadn't stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _____ now.

A. wouldn't be smiling B. won't smile C. couldn't have smiled D. didn't smile

A译文：当你掉下来时，如果不是我在梯子下面把你接住，恐怕约就不会这样笑了。

本句涉及if 引导的混合型虚拟条件句。通常情况下，在非真实条件句中的主句和从句所指时间是一致的，但有时也指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。本句中，从句是对过去发生事情的假设，主句是对现在情况的假设。

31. We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we _____ him.

A. would have telephoned B. would telephone C. must have telephoned D. had telephoned

A译文：我们不知道他的电话号码，否则，我们会打电话给他.本句涉及含蓄虚拟条件句。有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。除了otherwise外，常用的其他词或短语有：without, but for, but that,or,but等。

32. He must have had an accident, or he _____ then.

A. would have been here B. should be here C. had to be here D. would be here

A译文：他准是出事了，否则，他已经到这儿了。本句涉及含蓄虚拟条件句。

33. Some women ____ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.

A. must make w.w. k B. should have made C. would make w.w.w. k D. could have made

D译文：如果不呆在家里，有些妇女本可获得可观的薪水，但是为了家庭，她们才决定不去工作。

本句涉及由but引导的暗含虚拟语气的用法。but 前面主句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气，but 后的并列句用陈述语气。其形式为：情态动词“should(ought to,could,might) + have done " ，表示该动作本来应该发生而实际并未发生，含有某种责怪的口气。

34. We _____ to start our own business, but we never had enough money.

A. have hoped B. had hoped C. would hope D. should hope

B 译文：我们原本就希望开业，可是钱总是不够。本句涉及一特殊句型的虚拟语气形式。动词be, intend, mean, plan, want, hope等的过去完成式加动词不定式或这些词的过去式加动词不定式的完成时也可视为虚拟语气结构，表示“过去想做而没有做的事”。

35. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself.

A. injure B. injured C. had injured D. would injure

A译文：疯子被关进墙上装有衬垫的病房，以防他自杀。本句涉及连词lest 引导的虚拟语气的用法。连接词in case, lest, for fear that 可用来引导虚拟语气。其形式通常为:“… lest (in case, for fear that) +主语+should+动词原形”。lest, for fear that句中的should 可以省去，in case 句中的should 通常不省去，但是in case 句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。lest, for fear that 后面也可以接其他形式。

36. "You are very selfish. It's high time you _______ that you are not the most important person in the world", Edgar said to his boss angrily.

A. realized B. realize C. have realized D. should realize

A译文：埃德加怒气冲冲地对老板说：“你太自私了。你也该想想你到底有什么了不起。”

本句涉及一特殊句型中的虚拟语气。在“It is (high / about ) time (that)…”句型中要求用虚拟语气形式，从句中常用过去式，意为“该是… … 的时候了”。例如：

It is time (that) we had classes. 我们该上课了。

It is high time (that) the weather improved. 天气真该好起来了。

37. It's already 5 o'clock now. Don't you think it's about time _____ ?

A. we are going home B. we went home C. we go home D. we can go home

B译文：现在已经5点了，你不认为我们该回家了吗？本句涉及“It is (high /about) time (that)...”句型中的虚拟语气形式。

38. If only the committee _____ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.

A. approve B. can approve C. will approve D. would approve

D译文：要是委员会尽快批准这些规章制度并付诸实施就好了。

本句涉及if only 引导的虚拟语气形式。在"if only"引导的感叹句中，要求用虚拟语气结构，表示愿望。其形式为：

1)表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望：动词过去时或“would / could ＋动词原形”;

2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望：had + done 。

39. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____ your advice.

A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed

C译文：看我现在的处境多糟糕！要是我听了你的劝告该多好。本句涉及if only 引导的虚拟语气形式。

40. I'm sure he is up to the job ____ he would give his mind to it.

A. if only B. in case C. until D. unless

A译文：要是他用心去做，我肯定他能胜任这个工作。本句是if only 引导虚拟语气的用法。until和unless通常不和would 连用；in case 通常与should 连用；"if only"引导的感叹句通常要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。1)用过去时或“would/could +动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。2)过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。但是only if 也可用于虚拟条件句中。